Pompey’s Pillar – Alexandria’s Tallest Tourist Attraction
History sometimes leaves us with names that mislead more than they explain. Pompey’s Pillar in Alexandria is a perfect example: a monument famous not only for its scale, but also for a name that has nothing to do with the Roman general Pompey.
Despite this historical confusion, the pillar remains one of the most impressive surviving monuments of Roman Egypt and a powerful reminder of Alexandria’s imperial past.
A Monument of Roman Power in Egypt
Pompey’s Pillar was erected between 298 and 302 AD during the reign of Emperor Diocletian, one of Rome’s most significant late emperors. The monument was built to honor Diocletian after he successfully restored order in Alexandria following a rebellion and siege.
Carved from a single block of red Aswan granite, the column stands approximately 26.85 meters (88 feet) high, including its base and Corinthian capital. It is considered the tallest surviving ancient monument in Alexandria and one of the largest monolithic columns ever erected in the Roman world. The weight of the column is commonly estimated at around 280–300 tons, highlighting the extraordinary engineering capabilities of Roman builders.
Originally, the column likely supported a statue of Emperor Diocletian, reinforcing its role as a symbol of imperial authority.
Location: The Serapeum of Alexandria
The pillar stands within the archaeological remains of the Serapeum, a vast temple complex dedicated to the Greco-Egyptian god Serapis. The Serapeum was one of Alexandria’s most important religious and cultural centers during the Roman period and was closely associated with scholarship and civic life.
Although sometimes mistakenly linked to the Great Library of Alexandria, Pompey’s Pillar was not part of the Library itself, but rather part of the wider religious landscape of the ancient city.
The Origin of the Name “Pompey’s Pillar”
The monument has no connection whatsoever to Pompey the Great, who was assassinated in Egypt in 48 BC—more than three centuries before the pillar was erected.
The name arose during the medieval period, when European travelers misread the Greek inscription at the base of the column. The inscription refers to Publius, the Roman prefect of Egypt who oversaw the monument’s dedication. Over time, the name was mistakenly associated with Pompey, and the error became firmly embedded in historical and travel literature.
Modern epigraphic studies have long since confirmed the correct interpretation.
Archaeological Significance
Pompey’s Pillar is one of the few standing structures that survived Alexandria’s centuries of earthquakes, religious conflict, and urban transformation. Excavations around the site have uncovered statues, sphinxes, coins, and architectural fragments that provide valuable insight into the religious and civic life of Roman Alexandria.
Beneath the site, visitors can explore underground chambers and galleries that once formed part of the Serapeum complex, adding further depth to the experience.
Visiting Pompey’s Pillar Today
Located in Alexandria’s historic district, Pompey’s Pillar is easily accessible and typically included in tours of the city’s Roman-era landmarks. The site is open year-round, with guided tours available for visitors seeking deeper historical context.
Early morning and late afternoon visits offer the most favorable light conditions, particularly for photography. Standard photography is permitted on-site, while drone usage requires special authorization.
Pompey’s Pillar is often combined with visits to other nearby attractions, such as the Roman Theatre, the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa, and the Alexandria National Museum.
Why Pompey’s Pillar Matters
More than just a solitary column, Pompey’s Pillar represents the final chapter of monumental classical architecture in Alexandria. It reflects the city’s transformation under Roman rule and stands as a rare, vertical survivor of a once-glorious urban landscape.
As the tallest surviving ancient monument in Alexandria, it remains a powerful symbol of imperial ambition, engineering mastery, and the layered history that defines this Mediterranean city.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Pompey’s Pillar?
Pompey’s Pillar is a monumental Roman column located in Alexandria, Egypt. It was erected between 298 and 302 AD to honor Emperor Diocletian and is the tallest surviving ancient monument in the city.
Is Pompey’s Pillar connected to Pompey the Great?
No. Despite its name, Pompey’s Pillar has no connection to the Roman general Pompey the Great. The name is the result of a medieval misinterpretation of a Greek inscription on the monument.
Why is it called Pompey’s Pillar?
The name originates from a historical misreading of the Greek name Publius, the Roman prefect mentioned in the inscription. Over time, this was mistakenly associated with Pompey, and the name became widely accepted.
How tall is Pompey’s Pillar?
The column stands approximately 26.85 meters (88 feet) high, including its base and capital.
What’s the best time of year to visit Alexandria’s pillar?
October through April offers the most comfortable weather for exploring Alexandria’s archaeological sites.
Can I photograph freely?
Standard photography is permitted, though commercial filming may require advance permissions.
Are there other attractions nearby?
Yes. Nearby attractions include the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa, the Roman Theatre, and the Alexandria National Museum.
Where is Pompey’s Pillar located?
The monument stands within the ruins of the Serapeum of Alexandria, an important religious complex dedicated to the god Serapis during the Roman period.
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