The Cairo Citadel in Egypt is a medieval Islamic fortification constructed in 1183 CE around the ancient city to protect against the invading Crusaders. Today, you will find that many of our private guided Cairo tour packages include a visit to the Citadel.

The Cairo Citadel, built in the 12th century by Salah ad-Din, served as Egypt’s seat of government for 700 years and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Outer walls of the Cairo Citadel.

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The Citadel of Cairo is also called the Mohamed Ali Citadel or Saladin Citadel. It is today one of the most visited attractions in Cairo, and it’s certainly one attraction you don’t want to miss during your vacation in Egypt. In fact, its extreme popularity is one of the reasons why we include it in many of our Egypt tour packages.

7 Fascinating Facts About the Cairo Citadel: Unveiling Egypt’s Medieval Marvel

Historical Significance: The Cairo Citadel, also known as the Citadel of Saladin, was constructed in the 12th century by the famous Muslim leader Salah ad-Din (Saladin) to protect Cairo from Crusader attacks.
Architectural Marvel: The Citadel is an outstanding example of medieval Islamic military architecture, featuring massive walls, towers, and gates designed to withstand sieges and invasions.
Mosque of Muhammad Ali: One of the most iconic structures within the Citadel is the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, also known as the Alabaster Mosque, built in the 19th century. Its impressive Ottoman-style architecture and prominent location make it a key landmark in Cairo.
Panoramic Views: The Citadel is situated on Mokattam Hill, providing visitors with breathtaking panoramic views of Cairo, including the Pyramids of Giza on a clear day.
UNESCO World Heritage Site: The Cairo Citadel is part of the Historic Cairo UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its cultural and historical importance.
Museum Complex: The Citadel houses several museums, including the Military Museum, which showcases Egypt’s military history, and the Police Museum, which highlights the history of law enforcement in Egypt.
Enduring Legacy: Over the centuries, the Cairo Citadel has served various purposes, from a royal residence and military fortress to a tourist attraction, reflecting its enduring significance in Egyptian history and culture.

Unveiling the Legacy: The Fascinating History of Saladin Citadel

Ancient Cairo was located adjacent to another city of similar size known as Ayyubid, and both cities were destined to come under threat from the advancing Crusaders. In order to protect the two cities against the Crusaders, the ruler of Ayyubid, Sala-Al-Din (Saladin) declared that he would build a wall around both cities.

The wall would commence on the bank of the Nile River and make its way around the two cities, eventually ending once more on the bank of the river. His vision was to take the two cities and create one grand city that could be defended by a single army. Construction of the wall began in 1176 CE and completed in 1183 CE, thereby effectively creating what is today known as Cairo Citadel.

The location of the Citadel, along with the design, made it a very difficult target for any potential invaders and this is also the reason why the complex continued to serve as the heart of the Egyptian government until as recently as the mid 19th century.

Discover the Wonders: What Awaits You at the Citadel of Cairo

Cairo Citadel as it stands today is home to a number of mosques, one of which is the Alabaster Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pashar, located on the summit of the Citadel. Nobody actually knows for sure how or why the Citadel has to some extent taken on the name of this particular mosque. Some believe it’s because of the mosque’s location on the summit, while others argue that it’s because Muhammad Ali Pashar was the last one to seize power of the Citadel when he took it from the Mamluk’s in 1805.

There are also two other mosques that are definitely worth visiting, namely: Hypostyle Mosque of al-Nasir Muhammad and the Mosque of Suleyman Pasha. In addition to the mosques, visitors should also take time to visit the National Military Museum; the Police Museum; the Carriage Museum, and of course the Al-Gawhara Palace museum.

Essential Tips for an Unforgettable Visit to the Cairo Citadel

When planning your visit to the Cairo Citadel, timing is crucial to ensure a pleasant experience. The best times to visit are early in the morning or late in the afternoon, especially during the cooler months from October to April. This helps you avoid the midday heat and the larger crowds. Dress modestly and comfortably, as the Citadel is a religious and historical site. Lightweight, breathable clothing is recommended, along with a hat and sunglasses to protect against the sun. Comfortable walking shoes are essential, as the site is expansive and involves a fair amount of walking.

Don’t forget to bring a bottle of water to stay hydrated, especially if you’re visiting during the warmer months. A camera or smartphone is a must to capture the stunning architecture and panoramic views of Cairo. If you plan to explore the museums and mosques within the Citadel, consider bringing a small backpack to carry your essentials. Lastly, check the local guidelines and restrictions, as some areas may have specific rules regarding photography and entry. By following these tips, you’ll be well-prepared to fully enjoy your visit to this iconic historical landmark.

Cool Citadel Breezes And Spectacular Views

No vacation in Cairo is complete without a visit to Cairo Citadel, a must-see destination in Egyptian tourism, even if only for the spectacular views it offers of the Nile River and modern day Cairo. The Citadel has long since been known by locals for the wonderfully cool breezes which are always a welcome break from the usual heat in the city. Many locals as well as tourists make their way to the area regularly in order to enjoy the cool fresh air and the truly splendid views.

The Ingenious Well of Joseph: A Marvel of Medieval Irrigation

With so many inhabitants living within the confines of the city, Saladin had to find a way to provide water, for not only the people, but also for all the animals. He later ordered a well to be dug nearby, which he later called “Well of Joseph.” To retrieve water from the 285 feet deep, one had to use the spiral stairs that wound their way around the inside wall of the well. With a total of 300 stairs, it’s hardly surprising that the well also became known as the “Well of Spiral”. Despite its depth and close proximity to the river, it soon became apparent that it was not producing sufficient water to meet demand. Amazingly enough, the Well of Joseph can still be seen to this day.

To remedy this, Saladin gave orders to transport water from the nearby Nile River to the wall of the city. This was done by means of a number of water wheels. Once the water arrived at the wall, it was then transported into the Citadel by means of the aqueducts which had already been constructed for transporting water from the Well of Joseph.

Cairo Citadel FAQ

Wondering about your visit to the historic Cairo Citadel? Here are some quick answers to help you plan your journey.

When was the Cairo Citadel built?

The Cairo Citadel was constructed in 1183 CE.

Why is it also known as the Mohamed Ali Citadel?

It’s named after the Alabaster Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha, located on its summit.

Who built the Cairo Citadel?

It was built by Sala-Al-Din (Saladin) to defend against the Crusaders, and is sometimes referred to as the Saladin Fortress.

How can I visit the Cairo Citadel?

You can visit the Citadel through various Cairo tour packages that include guided tours.

What are the main attractions within the Citadel?

Key attractions include the Alabaster Mosque, the Hypostyle Mosque, the National Military Museum, and the Al-Gawhara Palace museum.

Can I see the Well of Joseph?

Yes, the Well of Joseph is still visible today.

What are the views like from the Citadel?

The Citadel offers spectacular views of modern day Cairo, along with cool breezes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Cairo Citadel stands as a testament to Egypt’s rich medieval heritage and architectural grandeur. Whether you’re a history buff, a culture enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, this iconic landmark offers a unique glimpse into the past. From its towering minarets and majestic mosques to its fascinating museums and panoramic views of Cairo, the Citadel promises an enriching experience that will leave you in awe.

By following our insider tips and exploring the myriad attractions within and around the Citadel, you’ll not only deepen your understanding of Egypt’s storied past but also create lasting memories of your journey. Make sure to add the Cairo Citadel to your travel itinerary and immerse yourself in the timeless allure of this historical gem.

Discover the Wonders of Cairo Citadel and Islamic Cairo Effortlessly

As is to be expected, there are buses galore in Cairo, and many of them can be used to get to Saladin Citadel, as can the countless taxis that ply the city’s streets, but there’s a much better way to visit this amazing medieval attraction. Simply book one of our Egypt tour packages or Cairo tour packages, and allow us to show you what real Egyptian hospitality is like, over and above a visit to the Cairo Citadel.